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BEYOND ILLUSTRATION: THE LIVRE D'ARTISTE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Lilly Library (Indiana University, Bloomington)

Transcribed from:

Lilly Library (Indiana University, Bloomington). BEYOND ILLUSTRATION: THE LIVRE D'ARTISTE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY Lilly Library, Bloomington, IN. 1967 80 p. : ill., facsims. ; 28 cm.

Lilly Library call number: NC973.I394 B57


Beyond Illustration: The Livre D'Artiste in the Twentieth Century

An Exhibition

An Exhibition Compiled and Described by Breon Mitchell

After a  Georges Braque lithograph illustration
                        for Apollinaire's Si je moriais là-bas

Cover: After a Georges Braque lithograph illustration for Apollinaire's Si je moriais là-bas.

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

Illustration has often been considered the stepchild of literature, a second-rate art form which at best lamely retells a story in pictures. But along with the more immediately apparent twentieth-century revolutions in the plastic arts, music, and literature, a quiet but equally profound alteration has taken place in the world of illustrated books. The result has been the appearance of a new artistic genre, the livre d'artiste. The present exhibition is an attempt to introduce this significant intersection of art and literature to a wider audience. The one hundred books selected for display have rarely been seen in the United States, and ten books in the exhibit are unique copies which are shown here for the first time. Beginning with four monumental precursors of the modern livre d'artiste, the exhibit offers a brief visual history of the artist and the book in this century, including many works which have already achieved the status of classics of the genre. To these is added a broad cross-section of more recent collaborations, including contemporary English and American productions. Modern examples of book binding, as well as recent experiments in creating "book-objects", are displayed; and the exhibition closes with the spontaneous dialogues between author and artist which have found expression in the series Le Livre Unique.

The livre d'artiste differs from the traditional illustrated book in several respects. The illustrations are, in each case, original works of art (woodcuts, lithographs, etchings, engravings) executed by the artist himself and printed under his supervision. The book thus contains original graphics of the kind which find their place on museum walls. Since the employment of these autographic techniques limits the number of copies which can be produced while maintaining the quality of impression, such books are usually published in editions of less than three hundred copies, numbered and signed by the artist. The livre d'artiste is also defined by the stature of the artist. Virtually every major painter and sculptor of the twentieth century— Picasso, Braque, Ernst, Matisse, Kokoschka, Barlach, Miró, to name a few—has collaborated in the creation of one or more such works. In many cases, book illustration has occupied such an important place in the total oeuvre of the artist that no student of art history can safely ignore it. Yet the study of the livre d'artiste offers serious methodological problems.

In the last century, it is safe to say that the text traditionally outweighed its illustration; today the livre d'artiste may present us with art of such overwhelming power that the text is relegated to the status of the libretto in an opera. Nevertheless, and even in the most imbalanced cases, the art work can no longer be satisfactorily assessed outside the total context of the book. Moreover a wide range of clearly significant relationships between text and image does exist, including poetry written to "illustrate" a series of graphics (Éluard's Bestiaire for the etchings of Chastel is a case in point), or true collaborations in which text and art arose in a give and take between author and artist (as in the Livre Unique series included in this exhibition). The livre d'artiste is also the preferred genre of those artist/authors blessed with Doppelbegabung.

In all such cases, although perhaps to a lesser extent where such doubly talented individuals as Kokoschka, Barlach, and Cocteau are concerned, it is no exaggeration to say that scholars have barely scratched the surface of the subject. The livre d'artiste has long been the academic property of the art historian, who has the training and knowledge necessary to analyze the artist's work appropriately in its broader context. But its literary component is rarely touched, let alone discussed meaningfully in relation to the artist's work. At times, of course, it is unreasonable to expect word and image to be mutually illuminating. Our scholarly understanding of Aristophanes is unlikely ever to be enhanced by Picasso's illustrations for Lysistrata, in spite of whatever intuitive insights the artist may provide us. There are scores of counter-examples in the twentieth century, however, which still await our scrutiny.

In part, the very revolution which freed art from the task of representation and allowed the livre d'artiste to move beyond illustration led directly to our dilemma. Illustration, traditionally, was successful when it convinced the reader that this was indeed the hero's face, the countryside through which he moved, the house in which he lived. Hence the phrase "abstract illustration" may still strike us as an oxymoron. We have yet to develop a sensitive vocabulary for describing the relationship between word and image, let alone a satisfactory methodology for analyzing it.

Even as we attempt to come to grips with this central issue, the art of the book is developing in new directions of even greater complexity. In this exhibition, it is possible to touch only briefly upon the equally revolutionary development in twentieth-century binding. Today, through the efforts of such pioneers as Pierre Legrain, Paul Bonet, and Edgar Mansfield, fine binding has achieved the status of an expressive art form in its own right. This fact may be responsible in part for the rediscovery, in the last decade, of the book as a physical object, capable of being transformed into three-dimensional sculpture, the livre objet. Two recent bibliographies of this most recent genre in the world of books include a combined total of over five hundred entries. Yet, even in comparison with the livre d'artiste, the livre objet exists, as yet, in almost total obscurity.

A final, if mundane, difficulty confronts the scholar interested in the livre d'artiste. Access to the works is difficult, particularly in the United States, and especially for works published in the last fifteen years. Art museums hesitate to purchase "books," and few libraries can afford to acquire art. Only in rare instances, such as the cooperative efforts of the Indiana Museum of Art and the Lilly Library, do we find exceptions to this rule. Well over half of the books displayed in this exhibition have been published since 1960, yet another proof, if one were needed, that libraries are alive and often surprisingly ahead of their time.

—Breon Mitchell

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In preparing this exhibition, I am deeply indebted to the work of others, and in particular to Philip Hofer and Eleanor M. Garvey's The Artist and the Book: 1860-1960, which has become the standard reference work in the field. W.J. Strachan's The Artist and the Book in France also provides a helpful and detailed narrative of the livre d'artiste in that country. Both works include extensive bibliographies on the subject, and the interested reader should turn to them for further information. Several people have cooperated in insuring that this exhibition became a reality, and I would like to thank the following: Thomas Solley, Director of the Indiana University Museum of Art; Jan Driesbach, Researcher at the Museum; Mary Schreiter of the Lilly Library; Thomas Coleman of the Department of Fine Arts; and Ulrich Weisstein of the Comparative Literature Program.

Photographic work for this catalogue was done by Tom Casella of the Indiana University Photographic Services; I am thankful for the careful attention he gave to our particular needs.

I also owe special thanks to William Cagle, Acting Director of the Lilly Library, both for his encouragement in this project, and for the vision with which he has moved to build the Lilly's special collections in this field. His detailed knowledge of the livre d'artiste and his intimate acquaintance with the collection were invaluable factors in mounting the exhibition.

Finally I would like to thank Jean Kamerman of the Lilly Library, who assisted me in all facets of planning and developing the exhibition. Her untiring energy and resourcefulness, both in attending to points of detail and in the considerable physical labor involved in mounting the exhibition, were important factors in the realization of the project. Her advice and suggestions in all matters touching upon the exhibition were deeply appreciated.

KEY TO REFERENCES

The books listed in this catalogue are arranged, for the most part, in chronological order. Unless otherwise indicated, the dimensions given refer to the page size, with height preceding width. I am particularly indebted to the following works in describing many of the items in this exhibition:

Where the work cited includes a catalogue, reference is to the catalogue number of the item under discussion. In all other cases reference is to page number.

Four Precursors to the Modern Livre d'Artiste

1.

Edward Young: The Complaint, and the Consolation: or Night Thoughts. London: R. Noble and R. Edwards, 1797.

With forty-three original engravings by Blake. Size: 42.4 x 32.5 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PR 3782 .C5 1797 vault

William Blake's books of poetry with his own original hand-colored illustrations sold so poorly upon their appearance that in more than one case only a single copy has survived. His decision to illustrate Young's Night Thoughts was no doubt partly motivated by the thought that the very popular text would bring his own work to the attention of a wider circle of readers. Like later pioneering efforts to unite the artist and the book, Night Thoughts too was a commercial disaster, and the three parts which were to follow never appeared. Nevertheless William Blake remains a touchstone of the development of the livre d'artiste in this century, and his work presents a level of achievement to challenge the greatest artists of our time.

2.

Goethe: Faust. Translated by Albert Stapfer. Paris: Motte, 1828.

With eighteen original lithographs (including a portrait of Goethe) by Delacroix. Size: 42.8 x 28.5 cm. Ref: AF 1.

Lilly Library call number: PT2029 .F4 F27 vault

It may be said that modern book illustration begins with this edition of Goethe's Faust, accompanied by eighteen original lithographs by Delacroix. The fact that Delacroix was moved to do these illustrations by a production of Faust he attended in London in 1825 serves only to underline the international crosscurrents which resulted in this classic of Romantic book illustration. Goethe's oft quoted reaction to Delacroix's interpretation deserves repetition here: "And if I must confess that M. Delacroix has, in some scenes, surpassed my own notions, how much more will the reader find all in full life, and surpassing his imagination." Almost fifty years were to pass before a work of comparable magnitude was attempted again: Manet's lithographs for the French translation of The Raven.

3.

Edgar Allan Poe: Le Corbeau, The Raven. Translated by Stéphane Mallarmé. Paris: Richard Lesclide, 1875.

With four original lithographs by Manet. One of 240 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 54.5 x 35.9 cm. Ref: AB 178, AF 2, PS 220.

Lilly Library call number: PS2609 .A45 1875 vault

Manet and Mallarmé were close friends, and their collaboration on this French edition of Poe's The Raven is a masterpiece of nineteenth-century book production. Published in 1875, it was fully twenty-five years ahead of its time in concept and design. As Eleanor Garvey has pointed out, the "bold simplifications, diagonal compositions, and opposition of tones [in Manet's lithographs] recall his interest in Japanese prints." One lithograph in particular, of an empty chair, with the shadow of the raven cast upon the floor, is amazingly modern and abstract. One has only to think how Doré, Manet's contemporary, might have illustrated The Raven to appreciate the distance which separates these lithographs from traditional illustration of the time. Le Corbeau was a commercial failure in spite of its low price, and the daring venture was not repeated by the publisher. Nevertheless the book remains one of a handful of truly distinguished forerunners of the modern livre d'artiste. The historical nexus of literary and artistic relationships (Manet/ Mallarmée/ Poe) lends it a unique interest for scholars concerned with comparative and interdisciplinary studies.

4.

Geoffrey Chaucer: The Works of Geoffrey Chaucer Now Newly Imprinted. Hammersmith [London]: Kelmscott Press, 1896.

With eighty-seven original wood engravings designed by Burne-Jones and original wood engraved ornamental borders and initials by Morris. One of the 425 paper copies (with thirteen on vellum). Size: 42.5 x 29.2 cm. Ref: AB 45.

Lilly Library call number: PR1105 .K340 vault

William Morris and the Kelmscott Press stand at the beginning of the development of modern twentieth-century printing. The importance of this monumental edition of Chaucer rests in the total integration of text, typography, and illustration. Morris personally supervised every detail of the book's production, including the wood engravings by Burne-Jones, and the ornamental borders and initial letters which Morris cut himself. He always aimed at perfection and sought the best materials available for each book. Although he himself was a medievalist, the works produced at his press profoundly influenced the direction of modern book design in this century both in England and Germany.

PIONEERS OF THE LIVRE D'ARTISTE: 1910-1919

5.

Guillaume Apollinaire: Le Bestiaire ou Cortège d'Orphée. Paris: Deplanche, 1911.

With thirty-four original woodcuts by Dufy. One of ninety-one copies on Hollande of a total edition of 120 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 33.2 x 25.4 cm. Ref: AB 91, ABF 48, AF 9, PS 99.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2601 .P6 B56 vault

Le Bestiaire ou Cortège d'Orphée

This first monumental French livre d'artiste of the twentieth century, like the pioneering Manet/ Poe edition of Le Corbeau in 1875, sold poorly. The woodcuts are still in a style which links Dufy to the Fauves, with whom he had exhibited in 1906. The poems and illustrations are a fine example of the close collaboration which existed within the Picasso circle at that time (indeed the original idea for the poems had come from early woodcuts by Picasso). The friendship between Dufy and Apollinaire which resulted in this important work ended with the poet's death in World War I. Apollinaire has remained one of the most influential poets of the twentieth century, and his poetry has inspired major works by Giorgio de Chirico, André Derain, and Georges Braque, among others. Braque's magnificent homage to Apollinaire on the occasion of his own eightieth birthday is included in this exhibit.


6.

Max Jacob: Saint Matorel. Paris: Henry Kahnweiler, 1911.

With four original etchings by Picasso. One of ninety-one copies on Hollande van Gelder of a total edition of 106 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 26.7 x 22.5 cm. Ref: AB 222, ABF 46, AF 10, PS 288.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2619 .A17 S14 vault

Saint Matorel

In spite of the commercial failure of Kahnweiler's first publishing effort (Apollinaire's L'Enchanteur pourrissant with Derain's woodcuts), he was not daunted. He next commissioned Pablo Picasso to create etchings for a text by the artist's close friend Max Jacob. The result was a landmark in the art of the book in the twentieth century.

Saint Matorel is the first book with Cubist illustrations and represents Picasso's first appearance as an illustrator. The novel is the first of a trilogy which traces the conversion of a métro employee named Matorel to mysticism and sainthood. (Jacob himself was dramatically converted to Catholicism around 1914.) The second and third volumes of the trilogy are exhibited as well, with illustrations by Derain and Picasso.


7.

Max Jacob : Les Oeuvres burlesques et mystiques de Frère Matorel mort au couvent. Paris: Henry Kahnweiler, 1912.

With sixty-six original woodcuts (some repeated) by Derain. One of ninety-one copies on Hollande van Gelder of a total edition of 106 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 22.5 x 16 cm. Ref: AB 79, ABF 49, PS 81.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2619 .A17 O28 vault

Les Oeuvres burlesques et mystiques de Frère Matorel mort
                                au couvent

The second volume in the Matorel trilogy. It is interesting to compare these woodcuts with the larger illustrations Derain had done three years previously for Apollinaire's L'Enchanteur pourrissant.


8.

Wassily Kandinsky: Klänge. Munich: R. Piper & Co., [1912].

With thirty-six original woodcuts (twelve in color) by Kandinsky. One of 300 copies on Hollande van Gelder, signed by the artist. Size: 27.9 x 27.9 cm. Ref: AB 138.

Lilly Library call number: Owned by Arts Museum

Kandinsky's central position in the development of modern art is self-evident. His non-objective woodcuts in Über das Geistige in der Kunst (1912) had already demonstrated the thesis that painting could go beyond a depiction of the visible world. In so doing, he opened the way for the development of non-objective book "illustration" as well. Klänge, in which Kandinsky illustrated a series of his own poems, is a seminal document in twentieth-century art and literature. Although well known as an artist, Kandinsky's contribution to literature is largely overlooked. Jean Arp, one of the founders of Dada in Zurich during the First World War, has emphasized the impact that Kandinsky's sonorous poems have had on modern poetry. Kandinsky was later to provide original graphics for special editions of texts by René Char and Tristan Tzara as well.

Along with Kokoschka's Die träumenden Knaben and Max Slevogt's Sindbad, both published in 1908, Klänge is one of the earliest livres d'artiste to be published in Germany.

9.

Max Jacob : Le Siège de Jerusalem, Grand tentation céleste de Saint Matorel. Paris: Henry Kahnweiler, [1914].

With three original etchings by Picasso. . One of ninety-one copies on Hollande van Gelder, of a total edition of 106 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 22.1 x 15.5 cm. Ref: AB 223, ABF 49, K 4, PS 289.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2619 .A17 S57 vault

The third volume in the Matorel trilogy. These are the last of Picasso's early Cubist illustrations and make an interesting comparison with those he did for the first volume, Saint Matorel, in 1911. With the completion of this trilogy and the establishment of artists like Dufy, Derain, and Picasso as book illustrators, the foundations were laid for the newly developing genre of the livre d'artiste.

10.

Blaise Cendrars : La Fin du monde. Paris Éditions de la Sirèene, 1919.

With stencilled designs by Léger. One of 1200 copies on Registre vélin Lafuma, this copy inscribed by the author. Size: 31.5 x 24.6 cm. Ref: PS 197, TCB 88.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2605 .E55 F48

La Fin du monde

Like Rouault, Fernand Léger was an experienced worker in stained glass. This is the second of many books he was to illustrate and is included here for its distinctly twentieth-century blend of typographical and visual elements. The "illustrations" combine both Cubist and Dada features and are produced in color by stencil. La Fin du monde is a typical product of the literary and artistic avant-garde of 1919; it is a witty attempt to convey a sense of the accelerated tempo of modern "Americanized" life through literary analogues to the newly developing techniques of the cinema. Léger's first original graphic illustrations were a series of woodcuts for André Malraux 's Lunes en papier (1921).


THE LIVRE D'ARTISTE COMES OF AGE: 1920-1950

11.

Jean Cocteau: Escales. Paris: Éditions de la Sirene, 1920.

With illustrations by Lhote. One of 440 copies on vélin pur fil Lafuma. Size: 30.6 x 24.4 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2605 .O15 E74

This book, illustrated with colored reproductions of drawings by the Cubist painter Lhote, is included here for the original sketch by Cocteau which accompanies the presentation inscription to his friend Maurice Sachs. Executed in Cocteau's typical style, it reminds us how doubly talented he was.

12.

Oskar Kokoschka: Der gefesselte Columbus. Berlin: Fritz Gurlitt, 1921.

With twelve original lithographs by Kokoschka. One of a total edition of 120 copies with unsigned lithographs. Size: 28.2 x 24 cm. Ref: AB 151.

Lilly Library call number: PT2621.O66 G29

This book is a rewritten and newly illustrated version of an earlier text entitled Der weisse Tiertödter, which Kokoschka had exhibited with illustrations at the Vienna Kunstschau in 1909. The text for this edition is lithographed in the hand of E. R. Weiss, and a unique attempt has been made to integrate letter and image. The illustrations are typical examples of Kokoschka's expressive power at this period. Because of the intimate relationship of text and visual elements, Kokoschka is among a handful of artists whose work is given serious attention by both art historians and literary scholars.

13.

Octave Mirbeau: Dingo. Paris: Ambroise Vollard, 1924.

With fifty-four etchings (including initial letters) by Bonnard. One of thirty copies on Japon ancien (with suite), of a total edition of 370 copies. Size: 38.2 x 28.4 cm. Ref: AB 30, AF 13.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2364.M7 D58 1924

Bonnard collaborated twenty-four years earlier on the first book published by Vollard, the epoch-making edition of Verlaine's Parallèlement with 108 lithographs by the artist. This edition of Mirbeau's story of a little dog is notable as the first occasion upon which Bonnard made use of etchings for illustration. Like his more familiar lithographs, they are imbued with a sense of freshness and spontaneity.

14.

Armand Salacrou: Le Casseur d'assiettes. Paris: Galérie Simon, 1924.

With four original lithographs by Gris. One of eighty copies on vergé d'Arches, of a total edition of 100 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 24.7 x 16.3 cm. Ref: AB 125, K 17.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2637 .A48 C34 vault

Henry Kahnweiler commissioned these illustrations to Salacrou's play Le Casseur d'assiettes. They may be compared with Gris' style in his lithographs for Gertrude Stein's A Book Concluding With As A Wife Has A Cow, A Love Story, 1926 (also exhibited).

15.

Gertrude Stein: A Book Concluding With As A Wife Has A Cow, A Love Story. Paris: Éditions de la Galérie Simon, 1926.

With four original lithographs (one in color) by Gris. One of ninety copies on vergé d'Arches of a total edition of 112 copies, signed by the author and artist. Size: 24.2 x 18.4 cm. Ref: K 23, PS 146.

Lilly Library call number: PS3537 .T293 B6 vault

A Book Concluding With As A Wife Has A Cow, A Love
                                Story

Juan Gris' lithographs for Gertrude Stein's first book published in France are among the last he completed before his death in 1927. Stein has written that the close understanding which existed between Gris and herself was the result of a shared artistic "conception of exactitude." She was profoundly pleased with his illustrations for this book, and it remains a unique testimonial to her close relationship to the Cubist painters. Most of Gris' graphic work was done for books, including texts by Tristan Tzara, Raymond Radiguet, and Max Jacob.


16.

Georges Duhamel: Les Hommes abandonnés. Paris: Éditions Marcel Seheur, 1927.

With one original etching and twenty-four original lithographs (with suite) by Vlaminck. One of 325 copies on vélin d'Arches. Size: 28.5 x 23.5 cm. Ref: PS 357.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2607 .U53 H76 1927

Les Hommes abandonnés

Vlaminck, who exhibited with the Fauves in 1905, was a prolific illustrator and had collaborated (as author) on a book with his friend André Derain as early as 1902. His text À la santé du corps (1919), was accompanied by Derain's first lithograph illustrations in book form. In addition to illustrating his own poems, Vlaminck produced lithographs for texts by Raymond Radiguet (Le Diable au corps) and Julien Green, among others.


17.

William Shakespeare: Die tragische Geschichte von Hamlet Prinzen von Daenemark. Weimar: Cranach Presse, 1928 [1929].

With forty-eight original woodcuts by Craig (with suite, individually initialled by the artist). One of seventeen copies on Japan paper, of a total edition of 255 copies. Size: 34.6 x 23.7 cm. Ref: AB 66 (English edition).

Lilly Library call number: Z274 .A1 S656 vault

This work is one of the finest examples of the Cranach Press, which was founded in Weimar, Germany in 1913. Count Harry Kessler directed the press, and Edward Prince, who had worked for the Kelmscott Press in England, cut a special typeface for him. Craig worked for over sixteen years on these woodcuts, which he developed from his designs for his production of Hamlet at the Moscow Art Theatre in 1912. The carefully conceived integration of typography and illustration, as well as the insistence upon the force of a page in which black predominates, clearly locate this work in the tradition of fine printing originating in late nineteenth-century England. The fact that English artists such as Craig and Eric Gill illustrated editions for this press indicates the international scope of the fine press movement. In this connection Aristide Maillol 's woodcuts for the Cranach edition of Virgil's Eclogae (1926) also deserve special mention.

18.

James Joyce: Tales Told of Shem and Shaun: Three Fragments from Work in Progress. Paris: The Black Sun Press, 1929.

With an original etching by Brancusi. One of 100 copies on Japanese vellum of an edition of 650 copies, signed by the author. Size: 21.1 x 16.5 cm. Ref: AB 32.

Lilly Library call number: Z274 .A1 J79 vault

Brancusi, one of the leading sculptors of the twentieth century, produced little graphic work, but his reputation as an avant-garde abstract artist seems to have been behind his selection to create the frontispiece for this early excerpt from Joyce's Finnegans Wake (1939). (Picasso, who had been approached first, refused on the grounds that he never did commissioned portraits.) It is intended as a representation of Joyce, which Brancusi felt expressed the "sens du pousser" which he found in the Irish writer. Ellmann reports that when the sketch was shown to Joyce's father, he remarked gravely, "The boy seems to have changed a good deal."

19.

Jean Cocteau: Les Enfants terribles. Paris: Bernard Grasset, 1929.

An original double page ink drawing, heightened with color, by Cocteau. One of 112 copies on vélin pur fil Lafuma of the 164 copies of the quarto issue. Size: 22.1 x 17 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2605 .O15 E56

Les Enfants terribles

Jean Cocteau's talent and versatility make him one of the more interesting figures of this century. His contributions as playwright, novelist, poet, artist, and film maker have all had their impact on our time. Since most of his book illustration has been in the form of line drawings rather than original graphics, he has not been represented in major exhibitions of the artist and the book. The present volume includes an original colored drawing by Cocteau on the half-title of his most famous novel. The sketch is part of a presentation inscription to his friend Jacques Marmel.

In addition to Cocteau's illustrations of works by such authors as Jean Genet and Paul Valèry, his own writings have been illustrated with original graphics by Giorgio de Chirico, Bernard Buffet, and others.


20.

Ambroise Vollard: Réincarnations du Père Ubu.. Paris: Ambroise Vollard, 1932.

With twenty-two original mixed etchings by Rouault and 104 wood engravings cut by Georges Aubert. One of 250 copies on Vidalon with etchings on Arches and Rives, of a total edition of 335 copies. Size: 43.8 x 33.6 cm. Ref: AB 270, ABF 68, PS 315.

The publisher Vollard had long been fascinated by Alfred Jarry 's play Ubu Roi (first performed in 1888), a work which profoundly affected the direction of twentieth-century French drama. Vollard utilized the Ubu figure in an indictment of the 1914 war entitled Ubu à la guerre, which was censored by the military authorities. He continued to expand upon the satirical adventures of his hero, and commissioned Rouault to illustrate the present volume, recounting Ubu's experiences in the colonies. Rouault began work on the project in 1916. The final effect of the mixed etchings was obtained through a process called hand-photogravure, in which his original sketches were transferred to the copperplate by photography and then worked over in a variety of techniques including drypoint, etching, and aquatint. Rouault spent a total of sixteen years working on these illustrations, including the 104 wood engravings.

21.

Aristophanes : Lysistrata. Translated by Gilbert Seldes. New York: The Limited Editions Club, 1934.

With six original etchings by Picasso. One of an edition of 1500 copies on Rives, signed by the artist. Size: 29.3 x 23.4 cm. Ref: AB 226.

Lilly Library call number: PA3877 .L8 1934

Lysistrata

This is the only book published in America with original etchings by Picasso. It is perhaps the single most successful artistic production of the Limited Editions Club, and one of the few examples of the livre d'artiste produced in this period. No serious student of Picasso's work can ignore his prolific book illustration, and these etchings are among the finest in his classical style.


22.

James Joyce: Ulysses. New York: The Limited Editions Club, 1935.

With six original soft-ground etchings and twenty reproductions of preliminary drawings by Matisse. One of 1500 copies, signed by the artist. Size: 29.8 x 22.8 cm. Ref: AB 197.

Lilly Library call number: PR6019 .O9 U4 1935 vault

A rare example of the livre d'artiste in America prior to World War II. George Macy, of the Limited Editions Club, commissioned Matisse to produce these original etchings. Joyce was worried that the Frenchman might not be familiar enough with the Irish terrain to do the job. He attempted to have a friend in Ireland send the artist an illustrated weekly from Dublin around 1904. Although legend has it that Matisse began and finished Ulysses in one evening, he later admitted that he never read Joyce's novel. His "illustrations" depict six episodes from Homer's Odyssey.

The Limited Editions Club text of Ulysses is still the most accurate available to scholars. The decision to include reproductions of the preliminary sketches for the finished etchings also lends the book a special interest. Although much of Matisse's later graphic work was done as book illustration, this is the only example of his use of the soft-ground etching technique. Matisse also produced original graphics for texts by Mallarmé, Henri de Montherlant, Ronsard, Charles d'Orléans, and others.

23.

André Suarès : Passion. Paris: Ambroise Vollard, 1939.

With seventeen original colored etchings and eighty-two wood engravings. One of 270 copies on vergé de Montval. Size: 44.6 x 33.9 cm. Ref: AB 272, PS 317.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2637 .U2 P28 vault

Passion

This is the last book issued by the great publisher Vollard. Rouault had been working on a series of preparatory paintings for this theme for several years, and some of the resulting wood engravings (cut by Georges Aubert) are dated as early as 1934. Here, as in much of Rouault's work, his youthful apprenticeship to a stained-glass maker is apparent, lending a medieval flavor to the whole. The text by Suarés recounts the Passion of Christ in narrative form, and Rouault's powerful images serve to confirm the artist's reputation as the greatest religious artist of the twentieth century. By way of contrast it may be noted that Rouault also produced fourteen etchings illustrating Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal. He was prevented by the Second World War from completing the thirty plates he had planned, and the book did not appear.


24.

Eaux-fortes originates pour textes de [Georges Louis Leclerc de] Buffon. Paris: Martin Fabiani, 1942.

With thirty-one original aquatints by Picasso. One of 135 copies on Vidalon wove of a total edition of 226 copies. Size: 36.9 x 27.9 cm. Ref: AB 231, ABF 86, AF 26, PS 298.

This work is generally regarded as the most important bestiary published in this century. Picasso's aquatints for Buffon's Histoire naturelle were begun in 1936, commissioned by Vollard. The publisher's death in an automobile accident in 1939, on the eve of the outbreak of the war, was a blow to Picasso and many others. Nevertheless Picasso continued to work on the series, even during the German occupation; and the book was finally brought out in 1942 by Martin Fabiani. Picasso made use here, for the first time, of a new technique demonstrated to him by the master printer Lacourière— the liftground or sugar aquatint process. This process allows the artist to achieve an almost infinite variety of grey and black tones, while maintaining an impression of free-flowing spontaneity. The results of this technique are evident throughout the series, including plates in which Picasso has added texture by using his fingerprints.

25.

Yvan Goll. Le Mythe de la roche percée, poème. Paris: Éditions Hémisphères, 1947.

With three original etchings by Tanguy. One of 100 copies on papier de Shadowmould, with the etchings signed by the artist. Size: 25.6 x 20 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2613 .O47 M99

Le Mythe de la roche percée, poème

Yves Tanguy's surrealist etchings have accompanied texts by Tristan Tzara, Benjamin Peret, Aragon, Éluard, and other major figures of French literary and artistic life. Here he illustrates a text by Yvan Goll one of the poets most popular with French artists of the Twenties and Thirties. Goll was also the Paris agent who secured the rights to the first German translation of James Joyce's works, and he later assisted Samuel Beckett and others in the French translation of a chapter from Finnegans Wake.

Tanguy is an artist whose work is known by sight to tens of thousands of readers who have never heard his name because reproductions of his paintings have been widely used as cover illustrations for science fiction paperbacks.


26.

André Frénaud. Poèmes de Brandebourg. Paris: La Nouvelle Revue Française, 1947.

With six original colored etchings by Villon. One of 210 copies on vélin pur fil du Marais. Size: 17.9 x 22.3 cm. Ref: AB 313, AF 31.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2611 .R437 P74

Poèmes de Brandebourg

Jacques Villon (Gaston Duchamp), the brother of Marcel Duchamp, exhibited with the Cubists before the First World War, and later referred to himself as a "Cubist Impressionist." In his illustrations for this volume of poems of French war captives in Germany, he combines structural solidarity with harmonious color in a manner typical of his later style. In addition to illustrating the poetry of his friend André Frénaud, Villon has created original graphics to accompany texts by such authors as Jean Racine, Virgil, Tristan Tzara, Robert Ganzo, and others. The last work he completed before his death (in 1963) at the age of 87 consisted of color lithographs for the poetry of François Villon, his medieval namesake.


27.

Francis Ponge: La Crevette dans tous ses états. [Paris]: Vrille, 1948.

With ten original engravings by Vuilliamy with two suites and a plate. One of thirty copies on vélin d'Arches of a total edition of 330 copies. Size: 24.6 x 19.2 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2631 .O643 C88 copy 1

La Crevette dans tous ses états

A good example of post-World War II surrealist book illustration. This copy includes one of the original copper plates for the illustrations, a practice often followed in the tirage de tête of many illustrated French books in this century.


28.

Yvan Goll: Élégie d'Ihpetonga, suivie de Masques de cendre. Paris: Éditions Hémisphères, [1949].

With four original lithographs by Picasso. One of 180 copies on vélin de Rives, of a total edition of 220 copies. Size: 32.6 x 25.5 cm. Ref: AB 236.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2613 .O47 E38

The development of Picasso's style may be closely followed in his book illustration, as may be seen in these typical lithographs from the late Forties. The book was reissued in English translation in 1954, and (together with the Limited Editions Club Lysistrata) is one of only two books published in America with original graphics by Picasso. The text was conceived while the author ws in New York, and the title of the work refers to the Indian name for a sector of Brooklyn. The poems are dedicated to Picasso.

TRADITION AND INNOVATION: 1950-1970

29.

Patrice de la Tour du Pin: Le Bestiaire fabuleux. [Paris: Darantière, 1951].

With fourteen colored lithographs by Lurçat. One of 150 copies on vélin d'Arches, inscribed by the artist. Size: 38.2 x 28.4 cm. Ref: ABF 136.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2623 .A679 B56

Lurçat, a prolific illustrator, was also skilled as a ceramist and maker of tapestries. His bestiary in a surrealist vein is matched by poems they inspired, printed in an equally fanciful mood. They are reminiscent of both Apollinaire and more recent ventures into concrete poetry. Strachan points out that the master-printer of this unusual book was Maurice Darantière, who was responsible for the de Chirico edition of Apollinaire's Calligrammes.

30.

Gérard Murail: Le Clown égaré. [n.p.]: Les Amis d'Astrée, 1951.

With fourteen original lithographs by Nakache. One of sixty-two copies on vélin d'Arches blanc pur chiffon. Size: 37.8 x 28.5 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2625 .U62 C64

André Salmon, a member of the Cubist circle in Paris, provides an interesting preface to this carefully integrated edition of Murail's text on the circus. He centers upon the theme of the clown, which has had such importance in both art and literature in the past century. Nakache's lithographs appeared only one year after Léger's Cirque, and may be compared as well with Rouault's famous series Cirque de l'étoile filante, published by Vollard in 1938.

31.

Francis Ponge: Le Lézard. [Paris]: Jeanne Bucher, 1953.

With seven original zinc etchings by Signovert. One of forty-two copies on Auvergne, signed by the artist and author. Size: 13.1 x 16.3 cm. Ref: ABF 310.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2631 .O643 L68

Francis Ponge has furnished texts for illustration by numerous important artists, including Jean Dubuffet's first effort in this field (lithographs to Ponge's poetry in 1945). The high relief etchings by Signovert point toward the increased interest of printmakers since 1945 in the tactile qualities of the medium. The almost sculptural effects attained aid the artist in breaking away from the notion of illustration as a solely two-dimensional mode of expression. This copy is inscribed by the author to the famous bibliophile André Lefèvre.

32.

Jean Laude: Le Grand passage. [n.p.]: Instance, 1954.

With three original colored etchings by Tanguy. One of ten copies on vélin d'Arches of a total edition of forty-one copies, with one etching signed by the artist. Size: 27 x 20.8 cm. Ref: PC 202.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2623 .A742 G75 vault

A more recent example of Tanguy's work, these etchings were published only a year before the artist's death. A comparison with his illustrations for Yvan Goll 's text (also exhibited) reveals the consistency of Tanguy's artistic style over the years. Laude's prose has also been illustrated by Raoul Ubac.

33.

René Char: En trente-trois morceaux. Paris: GLM, 1956.

With an original colored etching by Char. One of fifty copies on vélin d'Arches signed by the author. Size: 14 x 9.5 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2605 .H3345 E56

This little book serves to remind us that René Char also expresses himself in a visual medium. It offers us a clear example of a work in which we might expect to find a meaningful relationship between word and image. Char broke with Surrealism in 1937, and the establishment of his reputation as a poet has been largely post-World War II.

34.

Robert Desnos: Mines de rien. Paris: Louis Broder, 1957.

With four original colored etchings by Masson. One of 130 copies on vélin de Rives, signed by the artist. Size: 16.8 x 13.5 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2607 .E75 M63

André Masson first illustrated a text by his friend Desnos in 1926, with etchings in the surrealist manner. In the intervening years he established himself both as a painter and as a prolific book illustrator (for texts by such authors as Coleridge, Malraux, Jean Paulhan, and, more recently, Rimbaud). Masson's diverse literary preferences include Nietzsche, Joyce, and Robbe-Grillet. The etchings for Mines de rien reflect a later stage in the artist's style, and Masson has recently spoken of his work as being situated between Kandinsky and Pollock in spirit.

35.

Antonin Artaud: . . . Autre chose que de l'enfant beau. [Paris]: Louis Broder, [1957].

With an original colored etching by Picasso. One of 120 copies on Japan, signed by the artist. Size: 16.5 x 13.9 cm. Ref: AB 239.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2601 .R83 A92

Autre chose que de l'enfant beau

Artaud's work has received more extended treatment by such artists as Max Ernst, who produced ten original etchings for Galapagos, Les Iles du bout du monde (1955). This edition is included because it contains one of the few etchings by Picasso printed in color.


36.

Dante Alighieri: Dante Blockbuch. [Eutin, am Kellersee]: Handabzug-Holmpresse Klaus Wrage, [1957].

With numerous original woodcuts, each signed by the artist. One of an unspecified number of copies on handmade paper. Size: 46.8 x 31 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ4303 .W7 vault Flat

An example of the continuation of the private press movement in Germany in the post-World War II era. The text as well as the full-page illustrations are block-prints, and, in the tradition of William Morris, the artist is solely responsible for the total visual effect of the work. Dante has continued to attract both artists and bookmakers in the twentieth century.

37.

René Char: Nous avons. [Paris]: Louis Broder, 1959.

With five original colored etchings (including cover) by Miró. One of 110 copies of a total edition of 150 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 13 x 19.5 cm. Ref: AB 210.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2605 .H3345 N93 1959

This charming work is one of several which demonstrate that the livre d'artiste does not necessarily have to be unwieldy in its physical dimensions. Miró was preparing the etchings for these poems in the same year in which his color woodcuts for Paul Éluard's À toute épreuve appeared. In addition he has illustrated texts by Tristan Tzara, Benjamin Péeret, André Breton, Alfred Jarry, and others.

38.

Max Jacob: A poèmes rompus. [Paris]: Louis Broder, [1960].

With five original colored etchings by Villon. One of 135 copies on vélin de Rives, signed by the artist. Size: 16.7 x 13.6 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2619 .A17 A74

The writings of Max Jacob continue to attract the interest of artists and publishers. These etchings are representative of Villon's style during the last years of his life (d. 1963). A comparison with his more familiar etchings for Poèmes de Brandebourg (1947, also exhibited) reveals his abandonment of the linear patterns for a free-flowing and spontaneous combination of form and color.

39.

Apollinaire, Guillaume: Si je mourais là-bas. [Paris]: Louis Broder, 1962.

With nineteen original woodcuts by Braque. One of fifty copies on vélin pur chiffon du Moulin d'Ambert, with suite on Japan nacré, individually signed by the artist. Size: 46.9 x 38 cm. Ref: ABF 192, AF 63.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2601 .P6 S56 vault Flat SL

Si je mourais là-bas

One of the finest French livres d'artiste of the Sixties, this book stands as a witness to the enduring relationship between artists and writers of the School of Paris. Braque himself selected the poems for this edition, which are taken from Apollinaire's love lyrics written during World War I, and addressed to "Lou." Apollinaire died in that conflict, and Braque was wounded as well. The final page bears the inscription. "A book in celebration of the eightieth birthday of the artist, the poet's brother-in-arms in the trenches." Although most of Braque's book illustrations are in the form of etchings, he chose the woodcut as his medium for this last major work, which was published just one year before his death.


40.

Paul Éluard: Dit de la force de l'amour. Paris: Éditions lithogravs, 1962.

With thirty-four original colored lithographs by Guansé. One of ninety copies on vélin d'Arches, signed by the artist. Size: 42 x 32 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2609 .L75 D62

This book contains a hitherto unpublished text by Éluard, as well as twelve love poems by him. The entire book was conceived and executed by the artist, who has inscribed this copy to the Lilly Library "in the hope that I have not betrayed the sun of Éluard." An original colored collage by Guansé is laid in.

41.

[Trois poètes]. Yves Bonnefoy: Anti-Platon; André du Bouchet: La Lumière de la lame; Jacques Dupin: Saccades. Three volumes. [Paris]: Maeght Éditeur, 1962.

Each volume contains seven original etchings (five in color) by Miró. Each volume one of eighty-five copies on Auvergne, of a total edition of 125 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 32.8 x 25 cm. Ref: ABF 192.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2603 .O533 A83

Anti-Platon

Miró has been a major force in twentieth-century art, and he has been illustrating books since 1930 ( Tristan Tzara's L'Arbre des voyageurs). Trois poètes appeared when he was almost seventy years old, but his graphic powers are undiminished. The following revealing statement by Miró, concerning the edition of Éluard 's À toute épreuve, is worth requoting here: "I have made some trials which have allowed me to see what it was to make a book and not merely to illustrate it. Illustration is always a secondary matter. The important thing is that a book must have all the dignity of a sculpture carved in marble." In Trois poètes, Miró works from one plate for each volume of the text, varying the inking process and the color so that the rich possibilities of form and effect are realized in full.


42.

Marianne Moore: Eight Poems: New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1962.

With ten hand-colored drawings by Parker. One of 195 copies on Brentwood vellum all-rag paper, signed by the artist and author. Size: 26.7 x 18.6 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PS3525 .O574 E34

The third book in a series of special limited editions published by the Museum of Modern Art. Here the text of Moore's poems is reproduced in her hand, and the artist has hand-colored the line drawings. The copy is also inscribed by the poet. Parker's illustrations may be compared with his drawings for Randall Jarrell's The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner (also exhibited).

43.

André Martel: Gorgomar. Vincennes: Le Parolloïdre, [1962].

With six original colored etchings by Tamari. One of fifty copies on papier d'Arches supérieur, signed by the author. Size: 35.9 x 27.8 cm. Ref: PC 499.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2625 .A82 G66

André Martel draws inspiration from Lewis Carroll in such texts as Gorgomar, the story of a giant octopus. The text is written in a special nonsense language which is still closely enough related to French to allow the meaning to filter through. Martel's invention is referred to as "langage parolloïdre." The artist Tamari makes use of both the freedom and the inspiration inherent in the text in creating the colored etchings of the monster.

44.

Jean Lescure: La Saint Jean d'Été. Paris: Éditions Galanis, 1963.

With eleven original colored wood engravings by Gischia. One of sixty copies on Auvergne Richard de Bas, of a total edition of 123 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 32.2 x 25 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2623 .E645 S14

Gischia is well known as a costume designer for the Theâtre National Populaire in France, and the Scala in Milan. His interest in the theatre was already in evidence over twenty years ago, when he paid homage to Shakespeare in a series of illustrations for The Phoenix and the Turtle (1944). His style has since developed toward the solid colors and abstract shapes exhibited in these wood engravings for Lescure's text, which Strachan feels achieve " a kind of contrapuntal music that weds well with [his] poems."

45.

Léon-Paul Fargue: Au temps de Paris. Paris: Bièvres, 1964.

With thirteen original lithographs by Carzou, Commére, Foujita, Goerg, Jansem, Kischka, Kikoïne, MacAvoy, Savin, Steinlen, van den Bussche, van Dongen, and Verdier. One of 180 copies on vélin de Lana, of a total edition of 270 copies, signed by Commère, Jansem, and Steinlen. Size: 37.7 x 28.2 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2611 .A66 A95

A typical example of a multi-artist project in the French livre d'artiste. Each artist is asked to provide an original graphic on a particular theme or common text. In this case, the artists have provided a series of views of Paris inspired by an unpublished text by Léon-Paul Fargue.

46.

Jacques Prévert: Les Chiens ont soif. Paris: Au pont des arts, [1964].

With two original colored etchings signed by Ernst, and twenty-five colored lithographs of original drawings (pulled by Mourlot and approved for printing by the artist). One of 250 copies of a total edition of 325 copies. Size: 43.5 x 31 cm.

Lilly Library call number: NC1145 .E716 C5

Les Chiens ont soif

These etchings and lithographs for a previously unpublished text by Prévert are typical of Ernst's recent refinement of graphic techniques. The whimsical style of the lithographs in particular is reminiscent of his work for such earlier texts as Artaud's Galapagos, Les Iles du bout du monde (1955). Ernst has often illustrated his own surrealist texts with wit and originality. A hint of Ernst's attitude toward art may be seen in a recent interview: "The planet has been through so much, has suffered so much, that one must have a certain optimism in order to paint, to function. To my mind, Beckett is our truly great contemporary . . . but his pessimism didn't stop him from producing his works." Ernst illustrated Beckett's From an Abandoned Work with original colored etchings in 1967 (Manus Presse).


47.

Theobaldus episcopus: Physiologus Theobaldi Episcopus de naturis duodecim animalium. With English translation by Willis Barnstone. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, [1964].

With twelve original lithographs and ten original woodcuts by Pozzatti. One of 325 copies on Rives, signed by the artist. Size: 51.1 x 35.4 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PA8440 .T3 1964

A rare example of a livre d'artiste published by an American university press. Pozzatti, one of the best contemporary American print-makers, has created a series of original illustrations which inevitably demand comparison with other major bestiaries of this century. On several occasions, Pozzatti has solved the traditional problem of the double-page spread illustration with true originality.

48.

Samuel Beckett: Acte sans paroles; Akt ohne Worte; Act Without Words. With English translation by Willis Barnstone. [Stuttgart]: Manus Presse, [1965].

With eighteen original lino-cuts by Erhardt. One of 200 copies on handmade paper, signed by the artist. Size: 42 x 35.2 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2603 .E367 A5

This is the first livre d'artiste with Beckett's work produced in West Germany. The tri-lingual edition is the work of the Manus Presse, perhaps the finest press in this field east of the Rhine. Erhardt was inspired to do these illustrations while attending Deryk Mendel's performance of the pantomimes; and he has dedicated these illustrations to him. The Manus Presse has also published such major works as Francisco Borè's lino-cuts for the poetry of Lorca, Horst Antes' lithographs for a text by Saint-John Perse, and Max Ernst's lithographs for texts by Lewis Carroll.

49.

René Char: Retour amont. Paris: Guy Lévis Mano, 1965.

With four original etchings by Giacometti. One of 188 copies on vélin de Rives, signed by the author. Size: 24.5 x 18.5 cm. Ref: AF 73.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2605 .H3345 .R43

Retour amont

These remarkable etchings are among the last works Giacometti completed before his death in 1966. His work has long been particularly admired by French writers, including Jean Genet (for whom Giacometti did the cover lithograph of the first edition of Le Balcon). Giacometti also joined Marcel Duchamp in creating a book-object for a text by Robert Level ( La Double vue, 1964) and has illustrated texts by André Breton, Georges Bataille, Tristan Tzara, and others.


50.

Gaston Puel: Mythologies du dimanche. Veilhes (Tarns): Gaston Puel, 1965.

With twenty-two original linocuts and woodcuts, and one original mixed collage by Staritsky. One of fifty copies on vélin de Rives, signed by the artist and author. Size: 32.6 x 25 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2631 .U321 M98

The whimsical animal figures created on these pages are in fact much closer to traditional illustration than they at first appear, being carefully integrated with the text. The inclusion of one original collage by the artist allows the reader direct access to the source of inspiration for the graphics.

51.

Claude Aveline: Portrait de l'Oiseau-Qui-N'Existe-Pas. Geneva: Club du Poème, 1965.

With eighteen original colored lithographs by Zadkine. One of five copies on Japon nacré, with an original signed drawing, of a total edition of 198 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 32.5 x 25.4 cm. Ref: ABF 218.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2601.V45 P83

Portrait de l'Oiseau-Qui-N'Existe-Pas

Sculptors such as Giacometti, Henri Laurens, and Marino Marini have all contributed to major illustrated books. Zadkine is yet another powerful figure in twentieth-century sculpture who has shown a decided interest in the livre d'artiste. His colored lithographs illustrating Aveline's surrealist text are very much in the style of his studies for monumental sculpture. He has also illustrated his own texts as well as those by such contemporary authors as Robert Ganzo.


52.

Mary Ellen Solt: Flowers in Concrete. Bloomington, Indiana: Fine Arts Department, Indiana University, [1966].

One of 100 copies. Size 19.7 x 18.8 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PS3569 .O62 F64

Flowers in Concrete

Concrete poetry has deep roots in literary history, yet it is, by definition, dependent upon effects other than the purely literary. Since this poetry is often strongly visual, the design and printing of the poem acquire special weight, so that the resulting collaboration (in this case with John Dearstyne) is in many ways analogous to the process of creation itself. Mary Ellen Solt is internationally known, both for her own work and as an editor of concrete poetry.


53.

Samuel Beckett: L'Issue. Paris: Les éditions Georges Visat, [1968].

With six original colored etchings by Arikha, each signed by the artist. One of 154 copies on grand vélin de Rives. Size: 28.2 x 22.5 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2603 .E367 I86

Avigdor Arikha, an Israeli artist living in Paris, is a close friend of Beckett's and has illustrated several of his works (including, in addition to those exhibited here, Stories and Texts for Nothing, Malone Dies, Happy Days, and Waiting for Godot). Beckett has, in turn, paid a rare tribute to Arikha in a condensed word-portrait accompanying the artist's volume of Drawings 1965/6. The colored etchings for L'Issue reveal the subtle and intuitive feeling with which Arikha approaches Beckett's work.

54.

Michel Butor: La Banlieue de l'aube à l'aurore: Mouvement brownien. [Montpellier]: Fata Morgana, 1968.

With an original etching by Dufour. One of sixty copies on vélin d'Arches of a total edition of 810 copies, signed by the author and artist. Size: 15.5 x 24.8 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2603 .U73 B22 copy 1

Michel Butor, one of the best known contemporary French authors and considered a practitioner of the "new novel," has consistently published works in conjunction with important contemporary artists. Although much critical attention has been given to Butor's work, this aspect has yet to be explored in depth. A second copy of this work, as issued with the original etching printed on blue silk for the binding, is also exhibited.

55.

Samuel Beckett: Kommen und Gehen; Come and Go; Va et vient [Stuttgart]: Manus Presse, 1968.

With seven original etchings by Erhardt, each signed by the artist. One of forty-five copies on handmade paper. Size: 38 x 28.1 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2603 .E367 C734

Kommen und Gehen

These etchings are visual variations on the theme of Come and Go, reduced to geometric proportions. The final line of the play, "I can feel the rings," is given its tactile counterpart by the blind relief impression of the three circles in the seventh etching. Werner Spies has written that "these illustrations arose in collaboration with the author; during their discussions, Beckett voiced criticism as well, and inspired alterations." The original English manuscript of the play is reproduced in facsimile, and the English text is the most accurate available.


56.

Georges Ribemont-Dessaignes: Le Sang, la sève, l'eau et les larmes. [Paris: Fequet et Baudier and Georges Le Blanc, 1968].

With seven original etchings (three in color) by Papart. One of 115 copies on vélin d'Arches, of a total edition of 130 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 36.6 x 32.5 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2635 .I2 S22

Ribemont-Dessaignes's surrealist texts have been illustrated by Georges Braque and others. This is the first edition of these poems. Max Papart is a well known contemporary French painter, who has contributed original collages to one of the books in the Lilly Library's Le Livre Unique series (also exhibited).

57.

Cid Corman: Hearth. Kyoto, Japan: Origin Press, 1968.

With three original colored etchings, each signed by Tanaka. One of 100 copies, signed by the author. Size: 17.7 x 13.4 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PS3553 .O65 H43

A fine example of the work of a contemporary American poet in the form of a livre d'artiste printed in Japan. Tanaka's etchings bear a direct and intelligible relationship to the poems they illustrate, while retaining the quality and expressive power of independent works of art.

58.

Gérard Murail: Un Trésor pour quelqu'un Coutances: P. Bellée, 1968.

With four original woodcuts heightened with color, signed by Valézy. One of 100 copies on paper de paille, and woodcuts on vélin d'Arches, signed by the author. Size: 19.5 x 21.1 cm. Ref: PC 168.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2625 .U62 T78

The practice of heightening original graphics by hand with color is often followed in France, thus bringing the artist into even more direct and intimate contact with the text in its physical expression as book.

59.

Claude Ollier: Réseau de blets rhizomes ou radicelles béant sur bulbeuse rive ou berge. Montpellier: Fata Morgana, 1969.

With one folding original etching by Dufour. One of thirty-five copies signed by the artist and author. Size: 11.7 x 7.5 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2675 .L398 R43

Bernard Dufour (b. 1922) is one of an important group of post-World War II painters who have turned away from abstract painting to reintegrate the concrete world into their art. Their work may be viewed as a modern development related to Surrealism without having any formal ties with it. Claude Ollier's text has been etched into the plate, so that illustration and poem fuse. The text consists solely of a series of wordplays upon the title transforming it into sexual imagery.

60.

René Char: Dent prompte. Paris: Galérie Lucie Weill, 1969.

With ten original lithographs by Ernst. One of 290 copies on vélin d'Arches, signed by the artist and author. Size: 46.6 x 39.2 cm.

Lilly Library call number: NC1145.E716 D4 vault

These lithographs by Ernst are typical of his recent work and include some of his favorite motifs. Ernst has remained an active illustrator in the surrealist mode and in the past decade has illustrated, or re-illustrated, texts by Samuel Beckett, Lewis Carroll, and others.

61.

Guillevic: Temple du Merle. [Paris]: Galanis, [1969].

With fifteen original colored wood engravings by Lagrange. One of 150 copies on vélin de Rives, of a total edition of 200, signed by the artist and author. Size: 32.3 x 25.2 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2613 .U46 T28

Eugène Guillevic is a contemporary French poet best known for his text Les Murs, which was illustrated with original lithographs by Dubuffet (1950). This more recent text, accompanied by abstrict wood engravings, is typical of the broad range of livres d'artiste currently being produced in France.

62.

Randall Jarrell: The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner. New York: David Lewis: [1969].

With ten hand-colored drawings by Parker. One of 150 copies. Size: 33 x 27.7 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PS3519.A86 D27

The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner

This series of illustrations to Jarrell's famous war poem (which begins "From my mother's sleep I fell into the State") may have been called forth by the events of the Sixties in America. Although the line drawings are reproduced, each one is delicately hand-colored by the artist. The pale colors seem to deliberately underplay the meaning until the direct blow at the sensibilities offered by the final illustration (and line of the poem).


63.

André Sala: T.P.C.R.P.: Tentatives pour une critique de la raison poétique. [Stains]: Les Amis des arts contemporians: [1969].

With four original colored serigraphs by Petitjean. One of thirty-six copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 38.3 x 28.1 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2679.A518 T12

These color serigraphs may be compared with the artist's original gouaches for the eighth volume in the Lilly Library's Livre Unique series. In this case as well, the book is the result of a true collaboration between author and artist.

RECENT TRENDS IN THE LIVRE D'ARTISTE: 1970-1975

64.

Milton Kessler: Woodlawn North, a book of poems. Boston: Impressions Workshop, 1970.

With three original etchings by Marx. One of 125 copies on Velke Losiny, signed by the artist and author. Size: 29.5 x 21.6 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PS3561 .E7 W88

An example of American fine printing from Boston. Robert Marx's somber and powerful etchings reflect the mood of despair which permeates these poems.

65.

Jean Paul Guibbert: Verticale rose et soie rayé. Paris: Leo/Pathmos, 1970.

With one original folding colored lithograph by Vermeille. One of ninety copies on vergé d'Arches, signed by the artist and author. Size: 25 x 17.5 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2667 .U46 V56

As in other modern books designed to be both read and seen, this text is printed with continuous accompanying illustration so that the pages may either be turned in the traditional manner or the whole of the text expanded to a single sheet for viewing. The delicate coloring of the graphic work also evolves from page to page so as to carry the eye forward with the text.

66.

Alain Jouffroy: Liberté des libertés. Paris: Le Soleil Noir, 1971.

With an original signed colored lithograph by Adami. One of 300 copies on offset serène, of a total edition of 1,800 copies. Size: 18.9 x 14.1 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2619 .O75255 L68

Le Soleil Noir is a major publisher of livres objet in France. The editions range from a very small tirage with original sculptures and illustrations to a slightly larger, but still limited, printing including an original signed graphic. The example exhibited here includes a colored lithograph by Adami which has been mounted by the artist as a triptych for display. Alain Jouffroy's text includes concrete poems as well as more traditional prose.

67.

Yvan Goll: Multiple femme. [Paris]: Caractères, [1971].

With eight original wood engravings, each signed by Arp. One of 150 copies on Art fil, of a total edition of 160 copies. Size: 19.8 x 19 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2613 .O47 M96

Multiple femme

Arp's first contribution to a book consisted of initials for the epoch-making edition of Der blaue Reiter (1912). By 1916 he was assisting in the creation of Dada in Zurich. He shared in the Surrealist movement in Paris during the Twenties; and until his death in 1966, he continued a prolific and creative career as poet and artist. The friendships he developed over the years are reflected in the multiplicity of his publications and activities. Like Yvan (Iwan) Goll, he spelled his name (Jean/Hans) to suit the particular language in which he was writing. The wood engravings for his friend Goll's text are in his most familiar style.


68.

Jean Claude Renard et al: Suèvres. Suèvres: Maison du Bailli, [1971].

With eleven original colored linocuts (some hand brushed). One of eighty-nine copies on vélin de Rives , signed by the artist. Size: 32.4 x 25.2 cm. Ref: PC 157.

Lilly Library call number: PQ1184 .S94

This book represents a communal effort by poets and artist. The preface points out that the poems came first, then the graphics, but that in the act of printing, the sequence of graphics determined the sequence of poems.

69.

Theocritus: Sixe idyllia. New York: Clover Hill Editions, Chilmark Press, 1971.

With eight original etchings by Gross. One of 417 copies. Size: 32.9 x 23.6 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PA4443 .E5 1971

This book is part of a series which combines classical texts with original graphics by contemporary English and American illustrators. Gross was invited to illustrate Theocritus when the publisher saw an exhibition of his work in 1968. He has illustrated several other books, including John Galsworthy 's The Forsyte Saga and Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights.

70.

Alain Bosquet: Tu. [St.-Ganix Savorie: Guathier Frères], 1971.

With fourteen original colored wood engravings by Piaubert. One of seventy-five copies on Vergé d'Arjomari, signed by the artist and author. Size: 22.3 x 43.6 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2603 .O628 T88

Alain Bosquet is a major French poet whose works have been translated by Samuel Beckett, Lawrence Durrell, Wallace Fowlie, and others. Durrell has said of his poetry that it "has the elegance of a private algebra where each symbol, each word, seems perfectly selected for the support it gives to the theorem." This elegance is reflected in the highly refined wood engravings of Bosquet's contemporary Jean Piaubert.

71.

Pierre Tilman : P. T. no. 11. [n.p., 1971].

One of an unspecified number of copies. Size: 33 x 25 x 12.2 cm

Lilly Library call number: PQ2680 .I44 P13

This French livre objet consists of eight elements for free montage in a wooden box. The "reader" is left to assemble the given verbal and visual elements into an aesthetic object and reassemble it at will. A sculptural element is thus added to post-war experimentation in random text ordering.

72.

Samuel Beckett: The North. London: Enitharmon Press, 1972.

With three original etchings by Arikha, each signed by the artist. One of 137 copies on handmade paper, signed by the author. Size: 38.4 x 29 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2603.E367 N86

Like L'Issue, this text is a prepublication excerpt from Beckett's longer text The Lost Ones. The book has been beautifully printed by Will and Sebastian Carter at the Rampant Lions Press in Cambridge, England. Once again the illustrations are provided by Beckett's friend Arikha, who has achieved, in Beckett's words, "truce for a space and the marks of what it is to be and be in face of."

73.

Paul Verlaine: Femmes/Hombres. London: Douglas Cleverdon, 1972.

With fifteen original etchings by Ayrton. One of eighty-five copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 28.3 x 39 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2463 .F329 1972

Femmes/Hombres

One in a series of fine books produced by Douglas Cleverdon in London, this edition of Verlaine's poetry is in French but is illustrated by a leading English artist. Ayrton's work as an illustrator ranges from the linear style exhibited here to full oil paintings. The Limited Editions Club Oresteia of Aeschylus is a good example of Ayrton's work available to American readers.


74.

Jean Breton: Fouetté. [Paris]: Librairie Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1972.

With three original colored lithographs signed by Guansé. One of twenty copies on vélin d'Arches, of a total edition of 100 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 25 x 20 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2662 .R48 F76

This book may be compared with the first volume in the series Le Livre Unique (also exhibited), which contains the original manuscript of the opening poem. There too may be found the type of original collage which serves as an inspiration for the lithographs in this edition. Breton and Guansé are close friends; and the text is dedicated by the poet to the artist, "grâce à qui, une fois pour toutes, ces poèmes ont trouvé leur espace."

75.

Gaston Puel: Attendant l'heure. [n.p.]: G.P., 1972.

With eleven original color woodcuts by Haxthausen, (with signed suite). One of ten copies on iris de Puymoyen, of a total edition of fifty copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 26.5 x 16.7 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2631.U321 A94

Yet another example of the careful relationship established between text and original illustrations through mise-en-page in most fine French books of this decade.

76.

Roy Fisher: Bluebeard's Castle. Guildford: Circle Press, 1972.

With nine "pop-up" designs by King. One of 190 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: (folded): 27.8 x 19.2 cm.

Lilly Library call number: N6797.K5 A32

Bluebeard's Castle

Bluebeard's Castle is a livre objet which plays upon the tradition of the "pop-up," familiar for over a hundred years in children's books. Here, as each section of the book is opened, a three- dimensional sculpture is created, which is to be aesthetically apprehended in conjunction with the printed text. The effect is clearly visual and literary, and the "illustrations" become the book itself in its totality. This book-object is no longer bound but contained in a plexiglas box.


77.

André Sala: Aux bornes, poème. [Stains]: L'Espace Dedans, [1972].

With six original serigraphs by Riout. One of seventy copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 14.2 x 9 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2679 .A518 A95

This book-object, printed on various colored paper in an imitation pocket-album binding, may be read as a normal illustrated book of poetry, or folded out for display. In any case, the album concept calls attention pointedly to the fact that this is a book to be looked at as well as read.

78.

Michel Butor: Une Chanson pour Don Juan. [Veilhes]: Gaston Puel, [1972].

With numerous original colored intaglio engravings by Staritsky. One of thirty-five copies on pur chiffon de nivose, signed by the author and artist. Size: 38 x 14.3 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2603 .U73 C45

Une Chanson pour Don Juan

This typical example of Staritsky's approach to illustration involves the concept of the book as a total work of art, the livre objet. The texture and color of the paper, the interpenetrating spaces set up the variform holes in the page, the changing visual impression as the pages are turned — all combine to complement and enlarge the text in a manner which seems to deny the very possibility of an independent text.


79.

Gaston Puel: La Jeune fille. [n.p.]: Moulin de Larrogue, 1972.

With three original etchings and two original collages by Staritsky. One of twenty copies on Rosé Jouvencelle, signed by the artist and author. Size: 22.6 x 14 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2631.U321 J54

An excellent example of the book as a total work of art. The text has been integrated into the visual effect by both unusual typography and actual calligraphy. As in Staritsky's illustrations for Butor 's Don Juan (also exhibited), the deeply impressed etchings on the soft, tinted handmade paper blend perfectly with the flowing lines of the text.

80.

Patrice Cauda: Peut-être. [Ribaute: PAB, 1972].

With two original etchings by Sugaï. One of thirty copies, signed by the artist. Size: 21.4 x 31.5 cm. Ref: PC 409.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2605 .A7973 P52

Sugaï's etchings for these poems by the contemporary French author Cauda are deceptively simple, like the poems themselves, yet they reveal a most subtle and intriguing textural variation.

81.

Jean Laude: Ormes. [n.p.]: Club du Poème, [1972].

With two original etchings signed by Ubac. One of twenty copies on pur chiffon vélin cuve B.F.K. Rives, of a total edition of 300 copies. Size: 21 x 15 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2623 .A742 O73 (ALF)

Raoul Ubac is perhaps best known for his use of slate lithographs. The etchings included with this text by Jean Laude (whose work has also been illustrated by Tanguy) are remarkable for their finely modulated texture. The relatively small format of this book allows the reader the intimate relationship necessary to appreciate Ubac's work. He has also illustrated texts by Yves Bonnefoy, André Frénaud, Paul Éluard, and others.

82.

Jean Lescure: L'étang. Paris: Éditions Galanis, 1972.

With eight original colored etchings by Zao Wou-ki. One of 114 copies on papier d'Auverage, signed by the artist and author. Size: 37.9 x 28.8 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2623 .E645 E83

Zao Wou-ki was born in China and has been living in Paris since 1948. He is one of the finest contemporary graphic artists working with book illustration, and the etchings are of typical beauty and delicacy. In addition to this book, Zao Wou-ki has illustrated texts by André Malraux, Henri Michaux, and René Char, among others.

83.

Samuel Beckett: Au loin un oiseau. New York: The Double Elephant Press, 1973.

With five original etchings signed by Arikha. One of ninety copies on Arches, signed by the author. Size: 43.5 x 38 cm.

Lilly Library call number: Uncatalogued

Au loin un oiseau

This hitherto unpublished fragment by Beckett is joined with five outstanding etchings by Arikha, each of which depicts an object central to the text: coat, ruins, cane, stone, grass. Like Beckett, Arikha's art has moved towards increasingly condensed and concrete forms which function both as "illustrations" and as independent works of art. These etchings may be compared with two earlier examples of Arikha's work for texts by Beckett also included in this exhibition.


84.

Sylvia Plath: Pursuit. [London]: The Rainbow Press, 1973.

With an original etching signed by Baskin, and other illustrations. One of 100 copies. Size: 27.8 x 19 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PS3531 .L7 P98

Pursuit

Leonard Baskin, a prolific book illustrator, has been a major force in American printmaking for many years. He has produced original graphics in a variety of techniques for texts by Hart Crane, William Blake, Herman Melville, and many others.

This edition of poems by Sylvia Plath was printed at the Rampant Lions Press in Cambridge, England. Baskin designed the book, as well as illustrating it; and a note on the final page indicates that the poem "Faun" (the only poem in this volume previously published in a collection) was included at the artist's request.


85.

Pierre Mathieu: Sonorités charnues. Paris: Pierre Mathieu, 1973.

With ten original blind reliefs by Mathieu. One of 500 copies on pur chiffon de Richard de Bas, signed by the artist-author. Size: 29.4 x 21.8 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2625 .A88 S68

Pierre Mathieu wrote this text and illustrated it with reliefs in blind on soft handmade paper specially tinted for this edition. The depth varies from barely discernible depressions in the page to high reliefs with a sculptural effect. The varied and intricate patterns often function as illustrations on both sides of the page, and the artist has not hesitated to print text directly upon the relief. Mathieu has made use of a new sand-press technique in producing this work. He has also bound each copy by hand in an original tapestry binding.

86.

Pierre Albert-Birot: 6 Quatrains de Chantilly. [n.p.: STC], 1973.

With five original colored engravings and an original mixed collage. One of thirty-five copies on handmade "olive" and "coquillage," signed by the author. Size: 20.7 x 16.1 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2601.L315 S62

Another example of Staritsky's concept of the integration of text and image through mise-en-page. The deep relief etchings are combined with the unusual folding format of the pages in such a way that what is a colored etching on one page becomes a blind relief illustration for the text of the poem on the other side of the page. Thus one plate serves a double visual function in the book. This technique may be compared with Pierre Mathieu's edition of Sonorités charnues (also exhibited).

87.

Henri de Lescoët: Et nulle part l'oiseau. Paris: Saint Germain-des-Prés, 1973.

With four original colored lithographs signed by Tamari. One of twenty-five copies on vergé de Mandeure. Size: 20.5 x 13.7 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2623 .E6445 A8

These fine lithographs to a text by Lescoëet are typical of the quality of series produced by such publishers as Éditions Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Their intention is to bring contemporary authors and artists together by publishing a small number of initial copies of their new books with original graphics. In so doing they are simply continuing a cultural tradition established in France in the early part of this century.

88.

Steve Orlen et al: Oracle. Oracle, Arizona: Oracle Press, 1974.

With a collection of original signed graphics by the artists of the Rancho Linda Vista community. One of 100 copies on moldmade Rives and Italia. Size: 32.7 x 24 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PS614 .O63

A beautifully printed example of a joint project within a community of university authors and artists, combining poetry and original signed graphics. The book was sponsored by the Arizona University Foundation and provides a model example of the possibilities existing on many campuses for encouraging significant interaction in literature and art.

89.

Jacques Prévert: Le Jour des temps. [Paris]: Galerie Bosquet et Jacques Goutal Darly, [1975].

With fourteen original colored etchings signed by Papart (plus suite), and an additional original drawing by the artist. One of thirty copies on Moulin de Larroque, of a total edition of 145 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 39 x 35 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2631 .R387 J86 vault

Another example of the mixed etchings of Papart, with two artist's proofs laid in, and a signed inscription by the artist. The poems by Jacques Prévert are published here for the first time, and each is illustrated with a separate original graphic. Prévert, at seventy-five years of age, continues as an active collaborator in livres d'artiste.

90.

Parviz Abolgassemi: Exil. [Paris]: Éditions Saint-Germain-des-Prés, [n.d.].

With an original gouache and reproductions of six drawings by Debenedetti. One of fifty copies on vergé teinté, of a total edition of 550 copies, signed by the artist and author. Size: 31 x 24.5 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2661 .B68 E96

The inner book, bound in velvet with an original inlaid watercolor on aluminum, stands in sharp contrast to the painted wood box-sculpture of wire screen and broken mirror. As in other book-objects of mixed media, the total aesthetic effect should reside in the interplay of box, binding, illustration, and text.

THE ART BINDING

91.

François Mauriac: Orages. Abbeville: F. Paillart, 1925.

One of 192 copies on Arches, of a total edition of 200 copies. Binding: Pierre Legrain, 1929. Full dark-maroon calf, with black leather inlays, tooled in blind, gold, and palladium, incorporating a rectangular geometrical design. Size (binding): 17.2 x 13.2 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2625 .A93 O63 1925 vault

This binding was executed by Legrain personally in 1929. Legrain is widely recognized as the father of contemporary design in modern book-binding. Marius Michel, in the 1880's, had infused new life into bookbinding in France, as Cobden-Sanderson had, in his own way, in England. As Michon has pointed out, "Marius Michel had shown that a good binder must know how to draw. Pierre Legrain made it clear that he must also know how to read." This binding was completed in the year of Legrain's death. He had been active as a binder for only a little over ten years.

This copy of Mauriac's Orages is inscribed by the author to Maurice Martin du Gard: "Ces vers qui, sans lui, j'eusse negligé de polir—et que je n'aurais pas osé publier."

92.

Edouard Dujardin: Le Mystère du dieu mort et ressucité. Paris: Messein, 1924.

One of three copies on Japon rosé ancien, of a total edition of twenty-seven copies on special paper. Binding: Henri Creuzevault. Full brown morocco tooled in blind and gold with rays ascending towards a stylized cross on the front cover. Size (binding): 19.6 x 15.1 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2220 .D8 M98

Creuzevault is one of the most important modern French binders. In this rather restrained example of his style, we find a clear relationship between binding and text.

93.

Francis Carco: Rue Pigalle. Paris: Bernard Grasset, 1927.

With fourteen original colored lithographs by Vertès, with two suites, one colored and one black and white. One of forty-three copies on Hollande van Gelder, of a total edition of 338 copies. Binding: Paul Bonet. Full black morocco, tooled in blind and gold, design consisting of buildings and signs, giving a visual impression of Pigalle, across both covers, with raised center section on front cover in the shape of a building. Size (binding): 25.9 x 20.2 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2605 .A55 R92 vault SL

This example of the work of Paul Bonet may be compared with two others in the present exhibition. Here we find a much more representational style, which is carried over into the inner covers of the book, where Bonet has tooled a street map of the quartier Pigalle in leather. The binding also conforms nicely to the spirit of Vertès' illustrations.

94.

Paul Valéry: La Soirée avec Monsieur Teste. Paris: Bonvalot-Jouve, 1906.

Binding: Paul Bonet. Full dark blue morocco with tan and black leather inlays and onlays in abstract design with stars and rays, tooled in gold and palladium. Size (binding): 24.8 x 16 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2643 .A38 S68 vault SL

La Soirée avec Monsieur Teste

A fine example of the typical decorative style of Paul Bonet, one of the greatest modern French binders.


95.

Paul Fort: Les Ballades françaises, montagne, forêt, plaine, mer. [Lyon]: Cercle Lyonnais du Livre, 1927.

With fifty-two original colored wood engravings by François Schmied. One of 165 copies. Binding: designed by Paul Bonet, and executed in his workshop, 1933. Bound in full green calf, tooled in gold, this binding cased into an outer cover of five heavy horizontal bars of aluminum covered in royal blue levant. The bars of the outer cover are inlaid to the rear cover, the bars of the spine raised and lettered in palladium, the bars of the front cover swinging loose and lettered with title in aluminum letters inserted between each pair of bars. Size (binding): 26.1 x 21.1 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2611 .O78 M75 1927 vault SL

Les Ballades françaises, montagne, forêt, plaine,
                                mer

Paul Bonet has been a major force in the development of twentieth-century French bookbinding. This unusual example of Bonet's willingness to explore the possibilities of three dimensional binding and the combination of metal and leather seems to foreshadow by thirty years more recent tendencies in this direction in the livre objet.


96.

Max Jacob: Chronique des temps héroïques. Paris: Louis Broder, 1956.

With three original drypoints and three original lithographs by Picasso. One of 170 copies on vergé de Montval, signed by the artist. Binding: Georges Leroux, 1960. Full grey calf with black and orange leather onlays and tooled in black and gold, with an abstract design incorporating the names of the artist and author, across the back and front covers. Size (binding): 24.6 x 18.7 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2619 .A17 C55 vault

This example of Leroux's work may be compared with two others by him in the present exhibition. Taken together they give some idea of the range and variety of his techniques and designs. In the case of his binding for this book, which unites Picasso's drypoints with the first edition of Max Jacob's memoirs of the Cubist period, his choice of style seems particularly appropriate.

97.

Yves Lemoine: D'âge en âge jusqu'au retournement. [Gigondas: Atelier des Grames, 1970].

Binding: Régis Bocquel. Hinged heavy oval aluminum sculpture-binding, secured by a metal clasp, and containing the folded pages with printed text. The binding is constructed in such a way as to allow the title page to be read without opening the book. Size (binding): 14.1 x 15.1 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2672 .E56 D12

This sculpture-binding by Bocquel creates a livre objet in conjunction with a text which is printed on octagonally trimmed sheets of varying width and which may be folded out in variety of patterns. The book acquires, by these means, an undeniable three-dimensional presence, which, regardless of the substance of the text, must affect the reader's reaction to it.

98.

René Char: À la santé du serpent. [Paris]: G.L.M, [1954].

With one original colored lithograph signed by Miró. One of forty-four copies on vélin d'Arches of a total edition of 600 copies, signed by the author. Binding: Georges Leroux, 1967. Full black morocco, tooled in blind and gold, and with numerous small circular leather onlays in various colors on both covers. Size (binding): 28.6 x 19.6 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2605 .H3345 A63 vault SL

The editions of Guy Lévis Mano played an important role in the cultural life of France for many years. In addition to important livres d'artiste, he published translations of authors such as Franz Kafka at a time when they were largely unknown in France. The binding is a good example of one possible relationship of design and illustration. Leroux has taken up the motif of colored dots from Miró's accompanying lithograph and utilized it to establish a visual connection between the exterior and the interior of the book.

99.

Jean Giono: Colline. Paris: Grasset, 1929.

One of twelve copies on vélin pur fil creme, of a total edition of 3,948 copies. Binding: Georges Leroux, 1968. Full olive morocco, tooled in gold, with leather inlays in strips of various shades of green, and leather onlays representing bamboo reeds on both covers. Size (binding): 19.1 x 12.6 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PQ2613 .I57 C72 vault

An example of Leroux's willingness to combine "illustrative" elements directly reflecting the story involved with abstract elements in design. This book is not illustrated, but the French collector frequently prefers to have his special first editions bound by a major binder rather than left in the original wrappers. Thus the binder becomes the artist who provides the visual component complementing the text.

100.

George Saintsbury: Notes on a Cellar-book. London: Macmillan, 1921.

One of 500 copies signed by the author. Binding: Ashley Bindery, 1974. Full brown morocco with black, grey, and ochre leather onlays, tooled in blind, with design across both covers incorporating spider webs, bottles, pitchers, and candle. Size: (binding): 22.4 x 18.1 cm.

Lilly Library call number: PN6237 .S25 1921

An example of a directly illustrative design executed by Leo Lewis at the Ashley Bindery in Croscombe, Somerset.

LE LIVRE UNIQUE

A library is more than just a repository of the past, and the Livre Unique series demonstrates the Lilly's commitment to contemporary developments in art and literature. These ten books uniting the work of fine contemporary French poets and artists were created especially for the Lilly Library and symbolize the international scope and interest of the institution. Each book consists of a hitherto unpublished text hand-written by the author and accompanied by unique original works of art (collages, watercolors, drawings) executed directly upon the page by the artist. The result is not only a unique copy combining the original manuscript with its original illustrations; it is also the record of a true collaboration between artist and author.

Authors and artists alike are well known in France and abroad. They are, of course, contemporaries, and often personal friends as well. Jean Breton has spoken of the spirit and purpose of the livre unique as follows:

to bring together painters and poets as they were in the surrealist epoch.
to unite by preference painters and poets who empathize with each other on a double level: human and intellectual. To demand of them a true collaborative effort: in a sense a "marriage."
Le livre unique is thus created under the sign of a double author; it arises from a spontaneous dialogue, the painter illustrating the proposed poem, refusing a text if it displeases him, the poet in turn writing a poem for the proposed illustration, which he may criticize, the entire collaboration occurring in the atmosphere of the painter's studio.
Thus, through the images essential to the visual arts as well as poetry, creating the marriage of their double obsessions.

The series as originally conceived stands complete with the ten volumes which are exhibited. Slides of the complete series have already been used for lectures at French universities, including the Sorbonne. The books themselves have served as a basis for study in Indiana University courses in contemporary French poetry and offer to students of the relationship between art and literature a particularly intriguing example of creative collaboration.

101.

Jean Breton: La Couleur n'aboie qu'au soleil. [Paris]: Librairie Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1971.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

La Couleur n'aboie qu'au soleil

With twenty original collages by Guansé. The first book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library, and signed by the artist and author. Size: 31.7 x 26.5 cm. Ref: PC 392.


102.

Serge Brindeau: Les Algues la nuit, poèmes. Paris: Librairie Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1972.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

With ten original collages by Goetz. The second book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library, and signed by the artist and author. Size: 32.4 x 28.1 cm.

103.

Jean Orizet: Terre assaillie. [Paris]: Librairie Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1972.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

With fourteen original mixed collages by Papart. The third book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library and signed by the artist and author. Size: 32.2 x 26.4 cm. Ref: PC 430.

104.

Gérard Murail: Moelle des miroirs. [Paris]: Librairie Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1972.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

With ten original ink drawings by Nakache. The fourth book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library and signed by the artist and author. Size: 32 x 26.7 cm. Ref: PC 168.

105.

Yvonne Caroutch: La Fête hermétique. [Paris]: Éditions Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1972.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

With nine original gouaches by Benrath. The fifth book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library and signed by the artist and author. Size: 38.2 x 28.2 cm. Ref: PC 107.

106.

Jean Joubert: Pour un chemin de clarté. [Paris: Librairie Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1972.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

With nineteen original mixed collages by Bertholle. The sixth book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library and signed by the artist and author. Size: 32.3 x 26.5 cm. Ref: PC 103.

107.

Pierre Dalle Nogare: L'Image méconnaissable. [Paris]: Librairie Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1972.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

With twelve original watercolors by Zack. The seventh book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library and signed by the artist and author. Size: 38.4 x 28.7 cm. Ref: PC 144.

108.

Robert Jean Champigny: Ecce. [Paris]: [Librairie Saint-Germain-des-Prés], 1974.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

Ecce

With twelve original gouaches by Petitjean. The eighth book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library and signed by the artist and author. Size: 38 x 28.4 cm. Ref: PC 472.


109.

Pierre Tilman: Profession endurance. Paris: [Saint-Germain-des-Prés], 1974.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

With numerous original air brush stencils by Le Boul'ch. The ninth book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library and signed by the artist and author. Size: 38.2 x 28.5 cm. Ref: PC 483.

110.

Yves Martin: L'accordeur de ville. Paris: Saint-Germain-des-Prés, 1975.

Lilly Library: Breton mss.

With four original gouaches by Martin. The tenth book in the series "'Temps et Désir,' Le Livre Unique," consisting of the original manuscript of the text illustrated with original works of art, created especially for the Lilly Library and signed by the artist and author. Size: 38.2 x 28.5 cm. Ref: PC 479.


INDEX

All references are to catalogue numbers, not pages.


Lilly Library Publication XXIV

Beginning with Discovery, exhibit catalogues and other publications from The Lilly Library are numbered consecutively. A list of the unnumbered publications (most are out of print) and of the numbered series follows:


Designed and edited by the Indiana University Office of Publications. One thousand five-hundred copies of this catalogue have been printed. The text is set in 10-point Helvetica; the stock is 80-pound Andorra Text with 65-pound Deckle-edged Andorra Cover.

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